Topics
Research
Resources
Projects
Services
About CAL
Join Our List
Featured Publication
CAL Digest Series book cover
Email this page
Print this page
Resources Spotlight

Download our newest digests

Oral Proficiency Assessment: The Use of Technology in Test Development and Rater Training
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Foreign Language Immersion: Features and Trends Over 35 Years
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Attaining High Levels of Proficiency: Challenges for Foreign Language Education in the United States
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Cultural Orientation for Refugees
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Raising Bilingual Children
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Resource Corner

CAL Digest Series 1 coverCAL Digest Series
Add these valuable resources to your reference library. Learn more.

Download a list of CAL Digests from our collections. Adobe PDF icon

CAELA Briefs
The Center for Adult English Language Acquisition (CAELA) produces information briefs related to adult English language learning. These briefs can be downloaded free of charge by visiting the CAELA Web site.

Resources

Online Resources: Digests

CAL Digest Series

Browse by Topic

Second Language Learning
Dialects and Language Variation
English Language Learners
Professional Development
Foreign Language Instruction
Two-Way Immersion 
Heritage Languages

Second Language Learning

Action Research
Richard Donato, University of Pittsburgh, December 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Brain Research: Implications for Second Language Learning
Fred Genesee, McGill University, December 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Considerations in Developing and Using Computer-Adaptive Tests to Assess Second Language Proficiency
Patricia A. Dunkel, Georgia State University, October 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Contextual Factors in Second Language Acquisition
Aída Walqui, West Ed, San Francisco, California, September 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Culture in Second Language Teaching
Elizabeth Peterson and Bronwyn Coltrane, Center for Applied Linguistics, December 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Fostering Second Language Development in Young Children
National Center for Research on Cultural Diversity and Second Language Learning, October 1995
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

A Global Perspective on Bilingualism and Bilingual Education
G. Richard Tucker, Carnegie Mellon University, August 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Language Teaching Methodology 
Ted Rodgers, University of Hawaii, September 2001
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Lexical Approach to Second Language Teaching 
Olga Moudraia, Walailak University, Thailand, June 2001
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

The Role of Metacognition in Second LanguageTeaching and Learning
Neil J. Anderson, Brigham Young University, April 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Second Language Acquisition and Technology: A Review of the Research
Jean W. LeLoup and Robert Ponterio, SUNY Cortland; Moderators, FLTeach,  December 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Strategy Training for Second Language Learners
Andrew Cohen, Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition, University of Minnesota, August 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Dialects and Language Variation

Ebonic Need Not Be English
Ralph W. Fasold, Georgetown University, December 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Teaching About Dialects
Kirk Hazen, West Virginia University, October 2001
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Using Call-and-Response to Facilitate Language Mastery and Literacy Acquisition Among African American Students
Michèle Foster, July 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Vernacular Dialects in U.S. Schools
Donna Christian, Center for Applied Linguistics, May 1997
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

English Language Learners

Assessment Portfolios: Including English Language Learners in Large-Scale Assessments
Emily Gómez, Center for Applied Linguistics, December 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Building Partnerships With Latino Immigrant Parents
Shannon Fitzsimmons, Center for Applied Linguistics, July 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Considerations in Developing and Using Computer-Adaptive Tests to Assess Second Language Proficiency
Patricia A. Dunkel, Georgia State University, October 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Cross-Age Tutoring in the Literacy Club
Carolyn Urzúa, September 1995
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Cultural Orientation for Refugees
Anne Costello and Sanja Bebic, Center for Applied Linguistics, 2006
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Developing Language Proficiency and Connecting School to Students' Lives: Two Standards for Effective Teaching
Center for Research on Education, Diversity and Excellence, Santa Cruz, CA, November 1998
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Dialogue Journals: Interactive Writing to Develop Language Literacy
Joy Kreeft Peyton, National Clearinghouse on Literacy Education, April 1993
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Dropout Intervention and Language Minority Youth
Adriana Vaznaugh, Center for Applied Linguistics, March 1995
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

English Language Learners and High-Stakes Tests: An Overview of the Issues
Bronwyn Coltrane, Center for Applied Linguistics, November 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

English Language Learners With Special Needs: Effective Instructional Strategies
Alba Ortiz, University of Texas at Austin, December 2001
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

The ESL Standards: Bridging the Academic Gap for English Language Learners
Deborah J. Short, Center for Applied Linguistics, December 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Establishing an Effective Newcomer Program
Deborah J. Short and Beverly A. Boyson, Center for Applied Linguistics, December 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Examining Latino Paraeducators' Interactions With Latino Students
Center for Research on Education, Diversity and Excellence, December 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

From At-Risk to Excellence: Principles for Practice
Center for Research on Education, Diversity and Excellence, October 1997
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Generation 1.5 Students and College Writing
Linda Harklau, University of Georgia, October 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Improving Classroom Instruction and Student Learning for Resilient and Non-resilient English Language Learners
Yolanda N. Padrón, Hersh Waxman, Ann P. Brown, and Robert A. Powers, University of Houston, November 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Integrated Skills in the ESL/EFL Classroom
Rebecca Oxford, University of Maryland, September 2001
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

A National Study of School Effectiveness for Language Minority Students' Long-Term Academic Achievement
Center for Research on Education, Diversity and Excellence, January 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Nonnative-English-Speaking Teachers in the English Teaching Profession
Rosie Maum, JCPS Adult and Continuing Education, December 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Promoting Language Proficiency and Academic Achievement Through Cooperation
Margarita Espino Calderón, Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed at Risk, The Johns Hopkins University, December 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Promoting Secondary School Transitions for Immigrant Adolescents 
Tamara Lucas, Montclair State University NJ, December 1996
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Promoting Successful Transition to the Mainstream: Effective Instructional Strategies for Bilingual Students
October 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Reforming Mathematics Instruction for ESL Literacy Students
Keith Buchanan and Mary Helman, Fairfax County Public Schools, December 1997
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Scaffold for School-Home Collaboration: Enhancing Reading and Language Development
Ji-Mei Chang, San Jose State University, April 2001
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

School/Community Partnerships to Support Language Minority Student Success
Carolyn Temple Adger, Center for Applied Linguistics, January 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Some Program Alternatives for English Language Learners
Center for Research on Education, Diversity and Excellence, September 2001
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Strategies for Success: Engaging Immigrant Students in Secondary Schools
Aída Walqui, West Ed, San Francisco, June 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Teaching English Abroad: An Introduction
Don Snow, Amity Foundation, Overseas Coordination Office, May 1997
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Ten Common Fallacies About Bilingual Education 
James Crawford, Washington, DC, November 1998
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Textbook Selection for the ESL Classroom 
Dawn Garinger, Southern Alberta Institute of Technology, December 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Thematic Literature and Curriculum for English Language Learners in Early Childhood Education
Betty Ansin Smallwood, Center for Applied Linguistics, November 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Think-Aloud Protocols: Teaching Reading Processes to Young Bilingual Students
Magaly Lavadenz, Loyola Marymount University, December 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Tracking "Untracking": Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Educational Innovation
Hugh Mehan and Lea Hubbard, University of California, San Diego, July 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Using Cognitive Strategies to Develop English Language and Literacy
JoAnn Crandall, University of Maryland Baltimore County, October 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Working With Young English Language Learners: Some Considerations 
Bronwyn Coltrane, Center for Applied Linguistics, May 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Professional Development for Language Teachers

Cultural Diversity and Language Socialization in the Early Years
Eunjin Park, New York University, and Kendall King, Georgetown University, December 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Discourse Analysis for Language Teachers
Douglas A. Demo, Center for Applied Linguistics, September 2001
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Educating Hispanic Students: Effective Instructional Practices 
Yolanda N. Padrón, Hersh C. Waxman, and Héctor H. Rivera, University of Houston, August 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Family Visits Benefit Teachers and Families—and Students Most of All
Diane Kyle and Ellen McIntyre, University of Louisville, KY, October 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Leading for Diversity: How School Leaders Achieve Racial and Ethnic Harmony
Rosemary C. Henze, ARC Associates, June 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Linking Home and School Through Children's Questions That Followed Family Science Workshops 
Maureen Callanan, Consuelo Alba-Speyer, and Harriet Tenenbaum, University of California, Santa Cruz, December 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Myths and Misconceptions About Second Language Learning
Don Snow, Amity Foundation, Overseas Coordination Office, December 1992
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Nongraded Primary Programs: Possibilities for Improving Practice for Teachers
Ellen McIntyre and Diane Kyle, University of Louisville, April 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Professional Development for Language Teachers
Gabriel H. Diaz-Maggioli, National Administration of Public Education, Uruguay, August 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Professional Development for Teachers in Culturally Diverse Schools
Nancy Clair and Carolyn Temple Adger, Northeast and Islands Regional Educational Laboratory at Brown University, October 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Programs That Prepare Teachers to Work Effectively With Students Learning English
Josué M. González and Linda Darling-Hammond, December 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Research Insights on Second Language Writing Instruction
Ilona Leki, University of Tennessee, December 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol: A Tool for Teacher/Researcher Collaboration and Professional Development
Deborah J. Short, Center for Applied Linguistics and Jana Echevarria, California State University, Long Beach, December 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Standards for Professional Development: A Sociocultural Perspective
Robert Rueda, University of Southern California, December 1998
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Teaching Educators About Language: Principles, Structures, and Challenges 
Nancy Clair, Center for Applied Linguistics, November 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Teaching Language Minority Students in Elementary Schools
Jana Echevarria (Ed.), California State University, Long Beach, December 1998
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Teaching Secondary Language Minority Students
Jana Echevarria and Claude Goldenberg, California State University, Long Beach, October 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

What Early Childhood Teachers Need to Know About Language
November 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

What Elementary Teachers Need to Know About Language
November 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Foreign Language Instruction

African Languages at the K–12 Level
Patricia Kuntz, University of Wisconsin, Madison, October 1996
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

American Sign Language as a Foreign Language
Sherman Wilcox, University of New Mexico and Joy Kreeft Peyton, Center for Applied Linguistics, February 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Attaining High Levels of Proficiency: Challenges for Foreign Language Education in the United States
Margaret E. Malone, Center for Applied Linguistics; Benjamin Rifkin, Temple University; Donna Christian and Dora E. Johnson, Center for Applied Linguistics, 2005
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Considerations in Developing and Using Computer-Adaptive Tests to Assess Second Language Proficiency
Patricia A. Dunkel, Georgia State University, October 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Curricular Models for University African Language Programs
David Dwyer, Michigan State University, December 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Eight Approaches to Language Teaching
Gina Doggett, Reprinted January 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Foreign Language Exploratory Programs: Introduction to Language Learning
Kathleen Marcos, ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics, June 1996
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Guidelines for Starting an Elementary School Foreign Language Program
Marcia Rosenbusch, National K–12 Foreign Language Resource Center, June 1995
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Integrating Foreign Language and Content Instruction in Grades K–8 
Helena Curtain, Milwaukee Public Schools and Mari Haas, Teachers College, Columbia University, April 1995
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Languages Across the Curriculum
H. Stephen Straight, October 1998
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Meeting the National Standards: Now What Do I Do?
Jean Leloup and Robert Ponterio, SUNY Cortland, December 1998
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Model Early Foreign Language Programs: Key Elements
Douglas F. Gilzow, Foreign Service Institute, December 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Partners in Pedagogy: Collaboration Between University and Secondary School Foreign Language Teachers
Lina Lee, University of New Hampshire, October 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Planning for Success: Common Pitfalls in the Planning of Early Foreign Language Programs
Helena Curtain, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and Carol Ann Pesola Dahlberg, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN, December 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Promoting a Language Proficient Society: What You Can Do
Kathleen M. Marcos and Joy Kreeft Peyton, ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics, April 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Reading With a Purpose: Communicative Reading Tasks for the Foreign Language Classroom
Elizabeth K. Knutson, U.S. Naval Academy, December 1998
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Scheduling Foreign Languages on the Block
North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, October 1998
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Simulated Oral Proficiency Interviews: Recent Developments
Margaret Malone, Center for Applied Linguistics, December 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Teaching Foreign Languages to At-Risk Learners
Elke Schneider, Miami University of Ohio, December 1996
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Thematic, Communicative Language Teaching in the K–8 Classroom
Mari Haas, Teachers College, Columbia University, September 2000
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

What Parents Want to Know About Foreign Language Immersion Programs
Tara W. Fortune, Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition, University of Minnesota, and Diane J. Tedick, Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Minnesota, August 2003
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

What We Can Learn From Foreign Language Teaching in Other Countries
Ingrid Pufahl, Nancy C. Rhodes, and Donna Christian, Center for Applied Linguistics, September 2001
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Two-Way Immersion 

Development and Maintenance of Two-Way Immersion Programs: Advice from Practitioners 
Julie Sugarman and Elizabeth R. Howard, Center for Applied Linguistics
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Impact of Two-Way Immersion on Students—Attitudes Toward School and College
Kathryn J. Lindholm-Leary and Graciela Borsato, San Jose State University, May 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

In Their Own Words: Two-Way Immersion Teachers Talk About Their Professional Experiences
Elizabeth R. Howard and Michael I. Loeb, Center for Applied Linguistics, December 1998
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Two-Way Immersion Programs: Features and Statistics
Elizabeth R. Howard and Julie Sugarman, Center for Applied Linguistics, March 2001
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Heritage Languages

Chinese Heritage Community Language Schools in the United States
Theresa Hsu Chao, National Council of Associations of Chinese Language Schools, June 1997
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Heritage Spanish Speakers—Language Learning Strategies
Zennia Hancock, University of Maryland, College Park, October 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Involuntary Language Loss Among Immigrants: Asian-American Linguistic Autobiographies
Leanne Hinton, University of California, Berkeley, December 1999
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Selecting Materials to Teach Spanish to Spanish Speakers
Paula Winke, Center for Applied Linguistics, and Cathy Stafford, Georgetown University, May 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Spanish for Spanish Speakers Developing Dual Language Proficiency
Joy Kreeft Peyton, Vickie W. Lewelling, and Paula Winke, ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics, December 2001
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon

Tapping a National Resource: Heritage Languages in the United States
Richard D. Brecht and Catherine W. Ingold, National Foreign Language Center, Washington, DC, May 2002
html | pdf Adobe PDF icon