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This directory includes elementary, middle, and high schools that teach all or
part of their curriculum through a second language. Such programs are referred
to as total or partial immersion programs. In general, the programs are
designed for students whose native language is English.
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| It should be noted that this directory also includes a few
Spanish-English two-way immersion programs, in which classes include both
native English and native Spanish speakers. These two-way programs typically
began as partial or total immersion programs and are thus included here for
historical reasons. For a comprehensive directory of two-way programs, and to
submit information about a two-way program, please see CAL’s
Directory of Two-Way Bilingual Programs in the United States.
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| The following definitions are used in this directory:
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Total Immersion – Programs in which all subjects taught in the
lower grades (K-2) are taught in the foreign language; instruction in English
usually increases in the upper grades (3-6) to 20%-50%, depending on the
program. |
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Partial Immersion – Programs in which up to 50% of subjects
are taught in the foreign language; in some programs, the material taught in
the foreign language is reinforced in English. |
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Two-Way Immersion – Programs that give equal emphasis to
English and a non-English language and in which one to two thirds of the
students are native speakers of the non-English language, with the remainder
being native speakers of English. |
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| First compiled by CAL in 1981, this directory was most recently
updated and enhanced, including improvements in appearance and searchability,
by the team of Ashley Lenker, Nancy Rhodes, Lupe Hernández-Silva, and Huy
Nguyen in July 2006.
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| We encourage you to submit your total or partial immersion program
for inclusion in this directory if it fits into one of the above definitions
for total or partial immersion. To submit a new entry for your program,
click here to complete our online form. To update a current entry,
please search for your school below and make changes directly on your school's
"Immersion Detail Form."
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| We welcome your feedback on all aspects of this directory. Please
send your comments and questions to my attention. Thank you!
Lupe Hernández-Silva
Center for Applied Linguistics
202-362-0700, ext. 555
lupe@cal.org
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| You may search the directory in a variety of ways. If you want to
find the entry for a specific school, enter the name of the school in the
appropriate box below, then click the "search" button. If you want to identify
programs that have certain characteristics, for example, all schools in a
particular district that have French immersion programs, type the name of the
district in the appropriate box, click on "French," and then click "Search."
The directory will retrieve a list of all schools that meet your criteria. If
you want to select more than one language, hold down the control key while
clicking on additional language names. The directory will retrieve programs
that teach one or more of the languages you selected. You may choose one,
several, or all categories to conduct a search. (Note: If you click "Search"
without specifying any search criteria, you will retrieve the entire list of
schools in the database. This is the format of the directory that most people
prefer when printing a hardcopy.)
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| Click on the links below for tables and graphs of the content of
this directory.
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| Number
of Schools and Districts by State
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| Language
Immersion Programs by State
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| Percentage
of Immersion Programs by Language of Instruction
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| Language
of Instruction in Total and Partial Immersion Programs
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| Percentages
of Programs by Instructional Model
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| Growth
of Total and Partial Immersion Programs in the U.S., 1971-2006
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| *The data on these tables represent the total number of total and
partial immersion programs as of July 2006. The tables will be updated yearly,
so may not include the most recent additions to the directory.
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| To cite this immersion directory using APA publication standards,
we suggest the following:
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Center for Applied Linguistics. (2006). Directory of foreign language immersion
programs in U.S. schools. Retrieved {insert date}, from
http://www.cal.org/resources/immersion/.
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